Vaccination of Pregnant Women

Risk to a developing fetus from vaccination of the mother during pregnancy is primarily theoretical. No evidence exists of risk from vaccinating pregnant women with inactivated virus or bacterial vaccines or toxoids. Live vaccines pose a theoretical risk to the fetus. Benefits of vaccinating pregnant women usually outweigh potential risks when the likelihood of disease exposure is high, when infection would pose a risk to the mother or fetus, and when the vaccine is unlikely to cause harm.

Generally, live-virus vaccines are contraindicated for pregnant women because of the theoretical risk of transmission of the vaccine virus to the fetus. If a live-virus vaccine is inadvertently given to a pregnant woman, or if a woman becomes pregnant within 4 weeks after vaccination, she should be counseled about the potential effects on the fetus. But vaccination is not ordinarily an indication to terminate the pregnancy.

Whether live or inactivated vaccines are used, vaccination of pregnant women should be considered on the basis of risks versus benefits – i.e., the risk of the vaccination versus the benefits of protection in a particular circumstance. The following table may be used as a general guide.


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Vaccine		Should be considered if otherwise indicated	Contraindicated during pregnancy	Special/Conditional Recommendation (see text)
Routine	Hepatitis A			See Hepatitis A text
	Hepatitis B	X
	Human Papillomavirus (HPV)			See HPV text
	Influenza (Inact.)	Recommended
	Influenza (LAIV) *		X
	Measles*		X
	Meningococcal (MCV4)			See Meningococcal text
	Mumps*		X
	Pneumococcal			See Pneumococcal text
	Polio (IPV)			See Polio text
	Rubella*		X
	Tetanus - Diphtheria	X
	Tetanus - Diphtheria - Pertussis (Tdap)			See Tdap text
	Varicella		X
Travel & Other	Anthrax			See Anthrax text
	BCG*		X
	Japanese Encephalitis			See Japanese Encephalitis text
	Meningococcal (MPSV4)	X
	Rabies	X
	Typhoid (Parenteral & Oral*)			See Typhoid text
	Vaccinia*		X	See Vaccinia text
	Yellow Fever*			See Yellow Fever text
	Zoster*		X

source : http://www.cdc.gov/